Kwintsimi yobunjineli beekhemikhali, ukufezekisa ulwahlulo olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo kunye neenkqubo zokucoca kubaluleke kakhulu.Esinye sezixhobo eziyimfuneko kule ntsimi yiyunithi yokutsalwa kunye nokugxininiswa.Le yunithi iphambili idibanisa uluhlu lwetekhnoloji ukukhupha, ukwahlula kunye nokugxila kwizinto ezifunwayo kwimixube.Iyunithi idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumayeza ukuya kusulungekiso lwepetroleum.
Umgaqo oyintloko wokusebenza kweyunithi yokutsalwa kunye neyokuxininisa kukukhetha ukunyibilikisa enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezinto ezifunwayo kumxube usebenzisa i-solvent efanelekileyo.Le nkqubo iluncedo kakhulu xa ihlukanisa iikhompawundi zexabiso kwimixube enzima, njengoko ivumela ukutsalwa okujoliswe kuyo kweentlobo ezifunwayo.Ngokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezahlukeneyo, amaqondo obushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nobuchule bokwahlula, iinjineli zinokuphucula inkqubo yotsalo ukuze isebenze ngokugqibeleleyo.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisa i-extraction kunye neyunithi yoxinaniso kukukwazi ukukhupha ngokukhethiweyo amacandelo ngelixa ushiya izinto ezingafunekiyo ngasemva.Oku kukhetha kwenza ukwahlulwa kweekhompawundi ezixabisekileyo kwizinto ezingacocekanga, okukhokelela kwiimveliso ezicocekileyo nezigxininisiweyo zokugqibela.Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini lamachiza, iiyunithi zokukhutshwa zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula izithako ezisebenzayo zamachiza (APIs) kwizityalo okanye kwezinye iindawo zendalo.Oku kwenza ukuba kuveliswe amayeza asebenza kakhulu anobumdaka obuncinci.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo yokutsalwa kunye neeyunithi zoxinaniso kukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zemichiza.Ngokugxininisa amacandelo afunwayo, iinjineli zinciphisa umthamo wesisombululo sokutsalwa, esinciphisa iimfuno zokucubungula ezilandelayo.Oku kulungiswa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusetyenziswa kwe-solvent kunye neendleko zokuvelisa ngokubanzi.Ukongezelela, izisombululo ezigxininisiweyo zihlala ziphucula iinkqubo ezisezantsi ezifana ne-crystallization okanye i-distillation, ngakumbi ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
Ukukhutshwa kunye neeyunithi zoxinaniso zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha ezifana ne-liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), i-solid-phase extraction (SPE) kunye ne-supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), kuxhomekeke kwiipropati zezithako kunye nesiphumo esifunwayo.I-LLE ibandakanya ukunyibilika kwamalungu kwizigaba ezibini zolwelo ezinganyangekiyo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-solvent enamanzi kunye ne-organic solvent.I-SPE isebenzisa iimatriki eziqinileyo ezifana nekhabhoni esebenzayo okanye ijeli yesilica ukuthengisa ngokukhetha izinto ezifunekayo.I-SFE isebenzisa ulwelo olungaphezulu kwendawo ebalulekileyo ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa.Indlela nganye ineenzuzo zayo kwaye ikhethwa ngokweemfuno ezithile zenkqubo.
Ukongeza kwi-extraction, inkalo yoxinaniso yesixhobo ibaluleke ngokulinganayo.Ugxininiso lufezekiswa ngokususa i-solvent kwisisombululo sokukhupha, ukushiya nokuba isisombululo esigxininisiweyo okanye i-residu eqinile.Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba amacandelo afunekayo akhoyo kugxininiso oluphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqhubeka nokusebenza okanye ukuhlalutya.Ubuchwephesha obusetyenziselwa ukugxininiswa bubandakanya i-evaporation, i-distillation, i-freeze-drying, kunye ne-membrane filtration, phakathi kwabanye.
I-evaporation yindlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokugxininisa izisombululo.Ekufudumezeni, isinyibilikisi siyaba ngumphunga, sishiye i-solute egxininisiweyo.Le nkqubo iluncedo kakhulu kwiindawo ezizinzileyo ze-thermal.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-distillation isetyenziswa xa indawo yokubilisa ye-solvent iphantsi kakhulu kunelo lecandelo elifunwayo.I-distillation yahlula izinyibilikisi kwamanye amacandelo ngokufudumeza kunye nokunciphisa umphunga.Ukomisa umkhenkce kusebenzisa imijikelo yokunyibilika komkhenkce kunye noxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo lokususa isinyibilikisi, kushiya imveliso eyomileyo, egxininisiweyo.Ekugqibeleni, ukuhluzwa kwe-membrane kusebenzisa i-membrane e-permselective ukwahlula i-solvent kumalungu agxininisiweyo.
Ukuqukumbela, iiyunithi zokutsalwa kunye nogxininiso zidlala indima ephambili kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali kumashishini ahlukeneyo.Iyunithi idibanisa iindlela zokukhupha ezifana ne-LLE, i-SPE kunye ne-SFE ngokukhetha ukususa izinto ezifunwayo kumxube.Ukongeza, isebenzisa uluhlu lweendlela zoxinaniso, kubandakanya ukuvela komphunga, i-distillation, umkhenkce-ukoma kunye nokucoca i-membrane, ukunyusa ukuxinana kwesithako esifunwayo.Ngaloo ndlela, iyunithi yenza ukuba kube lula kunye neendleko zokwahlula kunye nenkqubo yokucoca, okukhokelela kwiimveliso ezigxininisiweyo eziphezulu.Nokuba kumayeza, ukusulungekiswa kwe-oyile okanye kwamanye amashishini ekhemikhali, ukutsalwa kunye neeyunithi zoxinaniso sisixhobo esiyimfuneko ekufuneni ukugqwesa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-23-2023